Which approach uses class discussions and student feedback to develop mutually determined routines and norms for decision making?

• A. Teachers make all decisions without input from students.
• B. Students decide all rules without teacher guidance.
• C. Teachers use class discussions and feedback to include students in developing mutually determined routines and norms.
• D. Routines are posted with no discussion.

Answer: (C)

Democratic, student-centered decision making is what this item is testing. When teachers use class discussions and feedback to include students in developing routines and norms, the classroom becomes a collaborative space where everyone helps shape how decisions are made and what behavior is expected. This approach builds ownership and responsibility, because students see their ideas reflected in the rules and understand the reasoning behind them. It also supports fairness and consistency, since norms emerge from shared conversation and negotiated agreements rather than impositions from one person.

This contrasts with having teachers decide all decisions, which shuts down student voice; letting students decide everything without guidance, which risks unclear or unequal norms; or posting routines without any discussion, which can lead to disengagement and rules that don’t fit the class. The best choice integrates discussion and feedback to create mutually determined routines and norms that the whole class commits to.