Which type of assessment provides ongoing feedback that helps teachers adjust instruction during a unit?

• A. Summative assessment.
• B. Formative assessment.
• C. Diagnostic assessment.
• D. Performance assessment.

Answer: (B)

Ongoing feedback to shape instruction as a unit unfolds is the hallmark of formative assessment. This approach checks what students understand while teaching is happening, so teachers can adjust pacing, reteach concepts, or offer additional support right away. Quick checks for understanding, exit tickets, or informal polls are typical examples, and they’re used to inform the next steps in the lesson rather than to assign a final grade. In contrast, summative assessment looks at what was learned after instruction ends; diagnostic assessment happens before teaching to reveal prior knowledge and gaps; performance assessment focuses on demonstrating skills, and isn’t inherently defined by ongoing adjustment of instruction.